Veriye Dayalı bir Politika Tasarım Modeli Önerisi: Türkiye’de Yenilenebilir Enerji Teknolojilerinin Yayılmasının Niteliksel Analizi
Öz
Sürdürülebilir enerji üretimini sağlamak için, hızla artan enerji talebini çevre dostu teknolojilerle karşılamak bir çözüm önerisidir. Bu önerinin hayata geçmesi ise, söz konusu teknolojilerin yaygın kullanımına bağlıdır. Yayılmanın kolaylaşması için politikalarla desteklenmesini öneren çalışmamızın temel amacı, yenilenebilir enerji teknolojilerinin yaygınlaştırılması için bir politika tasarım modeli geliştirmektir. Bu amaçla alan araştırmasında, piyasa henüz oluşmaya başladığı dönemde Türkiye örneğinde, yenilenebilir enerji kaynaklarından rüzgâr ve güneş enerjisine dayalı elektrik üretim teknolojilerinin yayılma süreci incelenmiş ve bu süreç hakkında veri toplanmıştır.
Veri analiz birimi, bu konuda çalışan uzmanların fikirleri, bakış açıları ve algıları olarak ele alınmıştır. Veri kaynağı, Türkiye’de özel sektör ve/ya özel sektör dışında yenilenebilir enerji sektöründe üretim, denetim, danışma veya tedarik faaliyetlerini yürüten uzmanlarla yapılan yarı yapılandırılmış mülakatlardır. Ampirik analiz sonucunda; politika amacı, politika aracı ve politika hedefi olmak üzere üç ayak üstüne oturan bir politika tasarım modeli geliştirilmiştir. Bu modelle, alan araştırmasında saptanan politika sorunlarından “artan ithalata bağımlılık” ve “yönetişimde aksaklıklar” sorunlarını çözmek için mikro, mezo ve makro düzeyde politika önerileri tasarlanmıştır.
Çalışmamızın özgünlüğü, söz konusu teknolojilerin Türkiye’de henüz yaygın kullanılmaya yeni başladığı 2014-2016 döneminde yapıldığı için sektörün oluşumuna dair başlangıç aşamasında yapılan öncü çalışmalardan biri olmasıdır. Yazına, veriye dayalı bir politika tasarım modeli geliştirerek metodolojik ve politika öneriler tasarlayarak ampirik katkılar yapmıştır.
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