Framing Theory in the Age of Social Media
Öz
The Internet age has converged various traditional mainstream media institutions as well alternative media platforms together into a hybrid media system with the New Media system that includes alternative media like social media, in particular Twitter and Facebook. Framing Theory and frame analysis has been found functional and suitable for researching complex social media communications and also the interplay of the social media with mainstream traditional media. We reviewed the literature of framing analysis in relation to social media, virtual communities and social movements to present a brief overview of the practical and theoretical potentials of frame analysis and also the particularities and problems that arose in regard to the dynamic nature of social media. As a result, frame analysis presents an even broader potential for the research of dynamic communication processes in the fast lives of virtual communities and the vast effects of online interaction of social, political, commercial institutions.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Tam Metin:
PDFReferanslar
Ahmed, S.- Jaeho, C. – Kokil, J. (2019). Framing social conflicts in news coverage and social media: A multicountry comparative study. International Communication Gazette 81: 346–71.
Aichner, T.; Jacob, F. (March 2015). "Measuring the Degree of Corporate Social Media Use" (https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283073224). International Journal of Market Research.
Araújo, B., & Prior, H. (2021). Framing political populism: The role of media in framing the election of Jair Bolsonaro. Journalism Practice, 15(2), 226-242.
Aruguete, N., & Calvo, E. (2018). Time to# protest: Selective exposure, cascading activation, and framing in social media. Journal of communication, 68(3), 480-502.
Bail, C. A. (2016). Cultural carrying capacity: Organ donation advocacy, discursive framing, and social media engagement. Social Science & Medicine, 165, 280-288.
Bartlett, F. C.(1932) Remembering, A Study in Experimental and Social Psychology. Cambridge at the University Press. Great Britain. Downloaded: 2022. https://pure.mpg.de/rest/items/item_2273030/component/file_2309291/content
Bateson, G. (1972). Steps to an Ecology of Mind. Jason Aronson Inc, Notvale, New Jersey
Blasco-Duatis, M.- Coenders, G.- Saez, M.- Garcia, N.F.- Cunha. I.F.(2019). Mapping the agenda-setting theory, priming and the spiral of silence in Twitter accounts of political parties. International Journal of Web Based Communities, 15(1): 4-24.
Borah, P. (2011) Conceptual issues in framing theory: A systematic examination of a decade’s literature. Journal of Communication, 61: 246–263.
Burgers, C., Konijn, E. A., & Steen, G. J. (2016). Figurative framing: Shaping public discourse through metaphor, hyperbole, and irony. Communication theory, 26(4), 410-430.
Carty, V., & Onyett, J. (2006). Protest, cyberactivism and new social movements: The reemergence of the peace movement post 9/11. Social Movement Studies, 5(3), 229-249.
Castells, M (2007). Communication, Power and Counter-power in the Network Society, International Journal of Communication 1, 238-266
Domingo, D.- Heinonen, A. (2008). Weblogs and journalism: A typology to explore the blurring boundaries. Nordicom Review, 29(1)
D’angelo, P. (2018). Doing news framing analysis II. Empirical and Theoretical Perspectives.
Entman, R.M. (1993). Framing: Toward clarification of a fractured paradigm. Journal of Communication, 43, 51-58.
Entman, R.M.- Usher, N. (2018). Framing in a fractured democracy: Impacts of digital technology on ideology, power and cascading network activation. Journal of Communication 68: 298–308.
Cacciatore, M. A., Scheufele, D. A., & Iyengar, S. (2016). The end of framing as we know it… and the future of media effects. Mass communication and society, 19(1), 7-23.
Carragee, K.M.- Roefs, Wim (2004). The neglect of power recent framing research. International Communication Association, June, 214-233
Castells, M. (2015). Networks of outrage and hope: Social movements in the Internet age. John Wiley & Sons.
Chadwick, A.- Vaccari, C. - O’Loughlin, B. (2018). Do tabloids poison the well of social media? Explaining democratically dysfunctional news sharing. New Media & Society 20: 4255–74.
Corbett, S. (2016). The social consequences of Brexit for the UK and Europe: Euroscepticism, populism, nationalism, and societal division. The International Journal of Social Quality, 6(1), 11-31.
Fisher Liu, B. F., & Kim, S. (2011). How organizations framed the 2009 H1N1 pandemic via social and traditional media: Implications for US health communicators. Public relations review, 37(3), 233-244.
Fuchs, C. (2013). Social Media: A Critical Introduction. SAGE, 2013.
Gamson, W. A., & Modigliani, A. (1987). The changing culture of affirmative action. In R. G. Braungart & M. M. Braungart (Eds.), Research in political sociology (Vol. 3, pp. 137–177). Greenwich, CT: JAI Press.
Gamson, W. A. (1989). News as framing: Comments on Graber. American Behavioral Scientist, 33, 157–166.
Gitlin, T. (1980). The whole world is watching: Mass media in the making and the unmaking of the New Left. Berkely. CA: University of California Press.
Gladwell, Malcolm (March 1, 2011). "Malcolm Gladwell and Clay Shirky on Social Media and Revolution, Foreign Affairs March/April 2011" (https://web.archive.org/web/20110201165430/http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67325/malcolm-gladwell-and-clay-shirky/from-innovation-to-revolution). Foreign Affairs (March/April 2011). Archived from the original (http://www.foreignaffairs.com/articles/67325/malcolm-gladwell-and-clay-shirky/from-innovation-to-revolution) on 2011-02-01.
Goffman, E. (1974). Frame analysis: An essay on the organization of experience. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
Grabowicz, P. a., Ramasco, J. J., Moro, E., Pujol, J. M., & Eguiluz, V. M. (2012). Social features of online networks: The strength of intermediary ties in online social media. PLoS ONE, 7(1), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0029358
Guess, A., Nyhan, B., & Reifler, J. (2018). Selective exposure to misinformation: Evidence from the consumption of fake news during the 2016 US presidential campaign. European Research Council, 9(3), 4.
Hamdy, N.- Gomaa, E.H.(2012). Framing the Egyptian uprising in Arabic language newspapers and social media, Journal of Communication, 62(2): 195-211
Harlow, S.- Kilgo, D.K.- Salaverria, R.- García-Perdomo. V. (2020). Is the whole world watching? Building a typology of protest coverage on social media from around the world. Journalism Studies 21: 1590–608
Heidemann, J.- Klier, M.-, Probst, F. (2012) Online social networks: A survey of a global phenomenon. Computer Networks. Volume 56, Issue 18, 17 December 2012, Pages 3866-3878. ScienceDirect.com
Hopke, J.E.- Hestres, L.E. (2018). Visualizing the Paris climate talks on Twitter: Media and climate stakeholder visual social media during COP21. Social Media+ Society 4(3)
Joris, W., d’Haenens, L., & Van Gorp, B. (2014). The euro crisis in metaphors and frames: Focus on the press in the Low Countries. European Journal of Communication, 29(5), 608-617.
Kahneman, D. - Tversky, A. (1984). Choices, values, and frames, American Psychologist, 39, 341-350
Klijn, E. H., & Koppenjan, J. (2012). Governance network theory: past, present and future. Policy & Politics, 40(4), 587-606.
Knüpfer, C.B.- Entman, R.M. (2018). Framing conflicts in digital and transnational media environments. Media, War & Conflict 11: 476–88.
Layne, S. P., Hyman, J. M., Morens, D. M., & Taubenberger, J. K. (2020). New coronavirus outbreak: Framing questions for pandemic prevention. Science translational medicine, 12(534), eabb1469.
Lovejoy, K.- Saxton, G.D. (2012) Information, community, and action: How nonprofit organizations use social media. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication 17(3): 337–353
Makhortykh, M., & Sydorova, M. (2017). Social media and visual framing of the conflict in Eastern Ukraine. Media, war & conflict, 10(3), 359-381.
Manor, I., & Crilley, R. (2018). Visually framing the Gaza War of 2014: The Israel ministry of foreign affairs on Twitter. Media, War & Conflict, 11(4), 369-391.
Matthes, J., & Kohring, M. (2008). The content analysis of media frames: Toward improving reliability and validity. Journal of communication, 58(2), 258-279.
Meeks, L. (2020). Defining the enemy: How Donald Trump frames the news media. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 97(1), 211-234.
Meraz, S., & Papacharissi, Z. (2013). Networked gatekeeping and networked framing on# Egypt. The international journal of press/politics, 18(2), 138-166.
Merriam-Webster online dictionary. https://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/social%20media retrieved: 2022
Messner, M.- DiStaso, M. W. (2008). The source cycle: How traditional media and weblogs use each other as sources. Journalism Studies, 9(3), 447-463.
Nielsen Company. "Social Networks Blogs Now Account for One in Every Four and a HalfMinutes Online" (http://www.nielsen.com/us/en/insights/news/2010/social-media-accounts-for-22-percent-of-time-online.html). Nielsen.
Nocera, J. L. A. (2002). Ethnography and hermeneutics in cybercultural research accessing IRC virtual communities. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 7(2), JCMC721.
O’Neill, S., Williams, H. T., Kurz, T., Wiersma, B., & Boykoff, M. (2015). Dominant frames in legacy and social media coverage of the IPCC Fifth Assessment Report. Nature climate change, 5(4), 380-385.
Pantti, M. (2013). Seeing and not seeing the Syrian crisis: New visibility and the visual framing of the Syrian conflict in seven newspapers and their online editions. JOMEC journal.
Piaget, J. (1952). The origins of intelligence in children. (M. Cook, Trans.). W W Norton & Co. https://doi.org/10.1037/11494-000
Qin, J. (2015). Hero on Twitter, traitor on news: How social media and legacy news frame Snowden. The International Journal of Press/Politics 20: 166–84
Rodriguez, L., & Dimitrova, D. V. (2011). The levels of visual framing. Journal of visual literacy, 30(1), 48-65.
Ruzza, C., & Pejovic, M. (2019). Populism at work: the language of the Brexiteers and the European Union. Critical Discourse Studies, 16(4), 432-448.
Sahly, A., Shao, C., & Kwon, K. H. (2019). Social media for political campaigns: An examination of Trump’s and Clinton’s frame building and its effect on audience engagement. Social Media+ Society, 5(2), 2056305119855141.
Saperas, Enric, and Ángel Carrasco-Campos. 2015. The operationalization of the concept of framing in the Journal of Communication(2009–2013): Objects of study, research techniques and theoretical construction. Communication & Society 28: 49–66.
Scheufele, D. (1999). Framing as a theory of media effect. Journal of Communication, 49(1), 103–122.
Scheufele, D. A.,- Tewksbury, D. (2007). Framing, agenda setting, and priming: The evolution of three media effects models. Journal of Communication, 57(1), 9-20.
Schrum, L. (1995). Framing the debate: Ethical research in the information age. Qualitative Inquiry, 1(3), 311-326.
Scott, K. (2018). “Hashtags work everywhere”: The pragmatic functions of spoken hashtags. Discourse, Context & Media, 22: 57–64.
Snow, D.- Benford, R. (1988). Ideology frame resonance, and participant mobilization. International Social Movements Research, 1: 197–217.
Snow, D. A., & Bernatzky, C. (2018). The coterminous rise of right-wing populism and superfluous populations. In Populism and the Crisis of Democracy (pp. 130-146). Routledge.
Tewksbury, D., & Riles, J. M. (2018). Framing in an interactive news environment. Doing News Framing Analysis II, 137-162.
Tuchman, G. (1978). Making news. A study in the construction of reality. New York: Knopf
Vaccari, C.- Valeriani, A.- Barber.- Jost, P. J. T.- Nagler , , J. - Tucker, J. A. (2016) Of echo chambers and contrarian clubs: Exposure to political disagreement among German and Italian users of twitter. Social Media Soc., 2 (3): 1–24.
Williams, B.A.- Delli Carpini, M. (2004). Monica and Bill all the time and everywhere: The collapse of gatekeeping and agenda setting in the new media environment. American Behavioral Scientist 47 (9), 1208-1230.
www.statista.com/statistics/617136/digital-population-worldwide/)
Xiong, Y., Cho, M., & Boatwright, B. (2019). Hashtag activism and message frames among social movement organizations: Semantic network analysis and thematic analysis of Twitter during the# MeToo movement. Public relations review, 45(1), 10-23.
Refback'ler
- Şu halde refbacks yoktur.
Bu eser Creative Commons Atıf 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.