Türkiye’de Subjektif Yoksulluğu Belirleyen Faktörlerin Genelleştirilmiş Sıralı Logit Modelle Analizi

Nihan ÖKSÜZ NARİNÇ

Öz


Yoksulluk, genel olarak kimin yoksul olarak kabul edildiği incelenerek tanımlanabilir. Öte yandan bireylerin ya da hanelerin eşitsizlikler dünyasında kendi konumlarına ilişkin inançları olarak da tanımlanabilir.   Genel olarak yoksulluk oranları hesaplanırken en yaygın kullanılan ölçü gelir düzeyi olmaktadır. Bunun dışında çocuk sayısı, yaş, eğitim durumu, işgücü piyasasındaki durumları da nesnel yoksulluğu tanımlamada temel olarak kullanılabilir. Literatürde yaygın olarak objektif yoksulluk; mutlak ve göreli yoksulluk konuları incelenirken, subjektif yoksulluk kavramı da artık üzerinde durulan önemli bir kavram haline gelmiştir. Bu çalışmada belirleyici faktörler subjektif yoksulluğu incelenmiştir. Türkiye İstatistik Kurumunun (TÜİK) Gelir ve Yaşam Koşulları Araştırmasından (GYKA) derlenen verilerle Genelleştirilmiş Sıralı Logit modeli kullanılarak ampirik bir analiz yapılmıştır.  Subjektif yoksulluk algısı bakımından çalışmada kullanılan bağımlı değişken hanehalklarının “mevcut hanehalkı ile geçinebilme” durumlarıdır. Altı sıralı kategoriden oluşan bağımlı değişkene karşılık; yaş*, cinsiyet*, eğitim*, medeni durum, konut mülkiyeti*, toplam çalışma süresi*, yıllık fert geliri*, yıllık hanehalkı geliri*, hanehalkı fert sayısı gibi demografik değişkenlerdir. Bu değişkenlerden bazıları istatistiksel olarak önemli (p <0,05) bulunmuştur. Bağımlı değişkenin kategorilerine göre bireylerin kendilerini yoksul hissetme algıları; eğitim düzeyi arttıkça azalırken, toplam çalışma süresi arttıkça artmaktadır. Hanehalkı gelirindeki bir birimlik artış geçinmeyi çok kolay bulma algısını (OR=14,85) arttırmaktadır.


Anahtar Kelimeler


Yoksulluk, Subjektif Yoksulluk, Genelleştirilmiş Sıralı Logit Model

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Referanslar


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