FESTİVALLERİN YEREL HALK ÜZERİNDEKİ SOSYAL ETKİLERİ: BEYPAZARI ÖRNEĞİ

Ayşe Nevin SERT

Öz


 

Turizm bölgeleri için önemli bir çekicilik unsuru olarak kabul edilen festivaller sınırlı bir zaman ve mekân çerçevesinde  yapılan  zevkli aktiviteler, eğlenceler, festival karakteri taşıyan etkinlikler ya da bazı kavramların, konseptlerin, olayların, veya olguların kutlanmasıdır. Bu araştırmanın amacı kırsal bölgelerde yapılan festivallerin yerel halk üzerindeki sosyal etkilerini ve yerel halkın festivalle ilgili tutumlarını ortaya koymaktır. Bu amaç doğrultusunda oluşturulan anket Beypazarı’nda toplam 320 yerel halk üzerinde uygulanmıştır. Elde edilen veriler doğrultusunda yapılan analizler sonucu, yerel halk festivallerin sosyal faydalarının sosyal maliyetinden daha fazla olduğuna inandığında festivalleri destekledikleri belirlenmiştir. Araştırmadan elde edilen bir diğer önemli bulgu da, yerel halkın festivalleri desteklemeleri ve gönüllü olarak festivale katılmaları sonucunda festivallerin başarıları artmaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kırsal Turizm, Festivaller, Festivallerin Etkileri, Beypazarı.

SOCIAL IMPACTS OF THE FESTIVALS ON THE LOCAL COMMUNITY AT THE: THE CASE STUDY OF BEYPAZARI

ABSTRACT

Festivals, considered as an important attraction for tourism regions, are the celebration of enjoyable activities, entertainments, activities carrying festive characters, or concepts, events, phenomena, in a limited time and space context. The main purpose of this study is to examine the social impacts of festivals and determine the perceptions and attitudes of host resident stemming from festivals. For this purpose, a survey has been conducted into 320 local people in Beypazarı. According to our results, on  relationship between the perceived social impacts of festivals and the satisfaction of the local people from festivals have been examined. At the end of this research, the proposals such as supporting the festivals and positively perceiving the social impacts of it by local community as well as making the festivals in success have been developed. 

Keywords: Rural Tourism, Festivals, Impacts of Festivals, Beypazarı.



Anahtar Kelimeler


: Kırsal Turizm, Festivaller, Festivallerin Etkileri, Beypazarı.

Tam Metin:

PDF

Referanslar


Kaynakça

Allen, Johnny ., O’Toole, William., Ian, McDonnell., & Harris, Rob. Festival and event management, (2nd ed). New York, John Wiley & Sons, 2002.

Andersson,T. & Getz, D. (2008). “Stakeholder management strategies of festivals”,Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 9(3), 199-220.

Arcodia, C. & Whitford, M. (2007). “Festival attendance and the development of social capital.”, Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 8(2), 1-18.

Bachleitner, R. & Zins, AH. (1999). “Cultural tourism in rural communities, the residents’ perspective”. Journal of Business Research, 44(3), 199–209.

Barutçugil, İsmet. Turizm işletmeciliği, 3.Baskı, İstanbul, Beta Basım Yayım, 1989.

Becker, Henk. A. & Vanclay, Frank. The international handbook social impact assessment. conceptual and methodological advances, Edward Elgar Publishing Limited, Cheltenham, United Kingdom, (2003).

Berber, Ş. (2003). “Sosyal değişime katalizörü olarak turizm ve etkileri”, Selçuk Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi, 9, 205-220.

Briedenhann, J. (2009). “Socio-cultural criteria for the evaluation of rural tourism projects – a delphi consultation”, Current Issues in Tourism. 12(4), 379–396.

Burdge, R. J., Fricke, P., Finsterbusch, K., Freudenburg, W. R., Gramling, R., Holden, A., Llewellyn, L., Petterson, J. S., Thompson, J. ve Williams, G. (1995). “Guidelines an principles for social impact assessment”, Environmental Impact Assessment Review, 15, 11-43.

Brunt, P., & Courtney P. (1999). “Host perceptions of sociocultural impacts”, Annals of Tourism Research, 26(3), 493-515.

David, L. (2009). “Challenges and trends”, Journal of Tourism, 2(2), 101-114.

Delamere, T. A. (1999). “Development of a scale to measure local resident perceptions of the social impacts of community festivals”, Ninth Canadian Congress on Leisure Research, Wolfville.

Delamere, T.A. (2001). Development of a scale to measure residents attitudes toward the social impacts of community festivals, part II: verification of the scale. Event Management, 7, 25-38.

Doğan, H. Z. Turizmin sosyo-kültürel temelleri, İzmir, Uğur Ofset, 1987.

Ekman, A. K. (1999). “The revival of cultural celebrations in regional Sweden: Aspects of tradition and transition”, Sociologia Ruralis, 39(3), 280-293.

Falassi, A. (1987). “Festival: definition and morphology”. In A. Falassi (Ed.), Time out of Time. Essays on the Festival (1-10) (Albuquerque, NM: University of New Mexico Press).

Felsenstein, D. ve Fleischer, A. (2003). “Local festivals and tourism promotion: The role of public asistance and vsitor ependiture”. Journal of Travel Research, 41(4), 385-392.

Garrod, B., Wornell, R. ve Youell, R.(2006). “Re-Conceptualising rural resources As country side capital: The case of rural tourism”, Journal of Rural Studies, 22(1), 117–128.

Gegez, Ercan. Pazarlama Araştırmaları, İstanbul, Beta Basım Yayım, 2007.

Getz, D.(1989).“Special Events. Defining The Product”, Tourism Management, 10(2), 135–137.

Getz, D. & Frisby, W. (1990). “A Study of the role of municipalities in developing festivals and special events in Ontario,” Occasional Paper No. 16. Waterloo: University of Waterloo, Department of Recreation and Leisure Studies , 38-44.

Getz, Donald. Festivals, special events, and tourim, New York, VanNostrand Reinhold, 1991.

Getz, Donald. Festivals and special events. In M. A. Khan, M. D. Olsen, & T. Var (Eds.), Encyclopedia of hospitality and tourism (789–810). New York:NY, Van Nostrand Reinhold, 1993.

Getz, Donald. Event management & event tourism, New York, Cognizant Communication Corporation, 1997.

Getz, D., Andersson, T. & Carlsen , J. (2010). “Festival management studies developing a framework and priorities for comparative and cross-cultural research”, International Journal of Event and Festival Management, 1(1), 29-59.

Gürsoy, D., Jurowski, C. & Uysal, M. (2002). “Resident attitudes: A structural modeling approach”, Annals of Tourism Research, 29 (1), 79-105.

Gürsoy, D. & Rutherford, D.G. (2004). “Host attitudes toward tourism: An improved structural model”, Annals of Tourism Research, 31(3), 495-516.

Gürsoy, D., Kim, K. & Uysal, M. (2004). “Perceived impacts of festivals and specia events by organizers: an extension and validation”, Tourism Management, 25, 171–181.

Janiskee, R. (1980). “South Carolina's Harvest Festivals: Rural delights for day tripping urbanites”, Journal of Cultural Geography, 1(1), 96-104.

Janiskee, R. (1991). “Rural Festivals in South Carolina”, Journal of Cultural Geography, 11(2), 31-43.

Karagöz, D. (2006). “Etkinlik turizmi ve etkinlik turizmi bağlamında yabancı ziyaretçi harcamalarının ekonomiye etkisi: Formula 1 2005 Türkiye Grand Prix Örneği”. Yayınlanmamış yüksek lisans tezi, Anadolu Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Turizm İşletmeciliği Anabilim Dalı.

Karlsen,S. & Nordstrom, C.S. (2009). “Festivals in the Barents Region: Exploring festival-stakeholder cooperation”, Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 9(2-3), 130-145.

Kızılırmak, İ. (2006). “Türkiye’de düzenlenen yerel etkinliklerin turistik çekicilik olarak kullanılmasına yönelik bir inceleme”, Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 15, 181-197.

Kim, Y., Kim, S. & Agrusa, J. ( 2008). “An investigation into the procedures involved in creating the Hampyeong Butterfly Festival as an ecotourism resource, successful factors,and evaluation”, Asia Pacific Journal of Tourism Research, 13(4), 357-377.

Kozak, Nazmi., Kozak, Meryem., & Kozak, Metin. Genel turizm, ilkeler ve kavramlar (9.Baskı) Ankara, Detay Yayıncılık, 2010.

Lade, C. & Jackson, J. (2004). “Key success factors in regıonal festıvals: Some Austrailian experiences”, Event Management, 9, 1–11.

Long, P.T. & Perdue, R. (1989). “The economic impact of rural festivals and special events: Assessing the spatial distribution of expenses”, Journal of Travel Research, 28(1), 7-11.

Özkan, M. (2007). “Türkiye’de kırsal kalkınma politikaları ve kırsal turizm”, Yükseklisans tezi. Ankara Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Kamu Yönetimi ve Siyaset Bilimi Anabilim Dalı.

Pasanen, K., Taskinen, H. & Mikkonen, J. (2009). “Impacts of Cultural Events in Eastern Finland – Development of a Finnish Event Evaluation Too”, Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 9(2–3), 112–129.

Picard, David., Robinson, Mike. Festivals, tourism and social change: Remaking worlds, channel view publications, Clevedon, England, 2006.

Prentice R. & Andersen V. (2003). “Festival as creative destination”, Tourism Research,30(1), 7-30.

Ray, C. (2000). “Endogenous socio-economic development in the European Unione issues of evaluation”, Journal of Rural Studies, 16(4), 447-458.

Reid, S., & Arcodia, C. (2002). “Understanding the role of the stakeholder in event management.In events and place marketing”, Presented At The EventResearch Conference, Sydney.

Reid, S. (2007). “Identifying social consequences of rural events”, Event Management, 11(1-2), 89-98.

Ritchie, B. & Inkari, M. (2006). “Host community attitudes toward tourism and cultural tourism development: The case of the Lewes district, Southern England”, International Journal of Tourism Research. 8(1), 27–44.

Sharpley, R & Stone, P. Socio-cultural impacts of events: meanings, authorized transgression, and social capital. In S.Page and J.Connell (Eds) The Routledge Handbook of Events. London, Routledge (Bölüm 23), 2011.

Shone, Anton. & Parry, Bryn. Successful event management: a Practical Handbook. Thomson Learning, 2004.

Small, K., Edwards, D. & Sheridan, L. (2005). “A Flexible framework for evaluating the socio-cultural impacts of a (small) festival”, International Journal of Event Management Research, 1(1), 66–76.

Turner, Victor. Introduction. In V. Turner (Ed.), Celebration: Studies in festivity and ritual. Washington, DC: Smithsonian Institution Press, 1982.

Yang, J., Gu,Y. & Cen, J .(2011). “Festival tourists’ emotion, perceived value, and behavioral intentions: A test of the moderating effect of festivalscape”, Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 12(1), 25-44.

Yoon, S., Daniel, M., Spencer, D. & Dae-Kwan, K. (2000). “A Profile of Michigan’s festival and special event tourism market”, Event Management An International Journal, 6(1),33-34.

Yolal, M., Çetinel, F. & Uysal, M. (2009). “An examination offFestival motivation and perceived benefits relationship:Eskişehir International Festival”. Journal of Convention & Event Tourism, 10, 276–291.

Quinn, Bernadette. Festivals, events and tourism. school of Hospitality management and tourism. Dublin Institute of Technology, The SAGE Handbook of Tourism Studies, London, Sage, 483-503, 2009.

Wilson, S., Fesenmaier, D., Fesenmaier, J., & Van ES, J. (2002). “Factors for success in Rural tourism development”, Journal of Travel Research, 40(2) 132-138.


Refback'ler

  • Şu halde refbacks yoktur.


Creative Commons Lisansı
Bu eser Creative Commons Atıf 4.0 Uluslararası Lisansı ile lisanslanmıştır.